Surveying instruments designing buildings wiki share your construction industry knowledge. Linear measurement different methods of direct measurement instrument for chaining, ranging, chaining on uneven slopping ground, errors in chaining. Land survey methods and training in participatory land use planning and land allocation. The latest theodolites have infrared distance measuring devices, for which regular infrared inspection is essential. This is accomplished without physical contact with the objects which is, in essence, the most obvious difference to surveying.
This is easy handbook and consists lecture notes in pdf format. Distance measurement angular measurement data processing digital display of point details storing data is an electronic field book. The objectives of surveying may very depending on the type of project. Introduction to measurements significant figures for example you measure a distance with a tape and the point is somewhere between 34. Resection notes resection initializes the x,y,z coordinates of the instrument.
It is very important in the field of civil engineering. Thereby developing the knowledge skill as well as enhanced the knowledge about modern electronic surveying instruments. Pdf comparison between the use of modern and old surveying. We hope students all over the world will find it helpful. July 1, 2000 surveying and mapping manual 111 chapter 1 general 11 introduction 11. It is also used by archaeologists to record excavations as well as by police, crime scene investigators, private accident reconstructionists and insurance companies to take measurements of scenes. There are many general surveying instruments such as compass, levels, theodolites etc. The types of surveying which are extensively being conducted are many e.
Tacheometric surveying tacheometric systems tangential, stadia and subtense methods. Ce6404 notes surveying 2 regulation 20 anna university. Modern surveying instruments free download as word doc. Introduction to engineering surveying ce 5 levellingtheory. Modern surveying equipments like total station gives both manual and digital values. Material presented here about electronic distancemeasuring equipment, electronic. The original aims of a couple of surveyors has been realised through the international institution for the history of surveying and measurement iihsm permanent. Concept of surveying definition of surveying, classification, principle, accuracy 2. Hence modern surveying instruments are becoming more popular and they are gradually replacing old surveying instruments such as compass and dumpy level. Linear measurement different methods of direct measurement instrument for chaining, ranging, chaining on uneven slopping ground, errors in chaining, corrections.
Selflevelling instruments are the preferred instrument on building sites, construction and surveying due to ease of use and rapid setup time this more modern type of level is now in general use. Surveying notes pdf book starts with the topics distance measurement conventions and methods, theodolite, description, uses, and adjustments. Manual of modern surveying instruments and their uses by lietz, firm, math. There are several types of new equipment that have entered the profession in the past few years. This extraordinarily readable, biggestselling textual content material presents main concepts and smart supplies in each of the areas elementary to modern surveying geomatics comply with. Notes on training course in land surveying, appendix c. Total station, gps, gis, drone arial survey ijraset. Now, coupled with modern communication methods of radio or cellular transmission to permanent base stations, the gnss rover has become one of the most valuable tools in the surveyors toolbox. Surveying with gps, total station and terresterial laser scaner. Selection of traverse definition a traverse is a series of straight lines called traverse legs. Its principal modern uses are in the fields of transportation. It was an instrument for measuring angles in the horizontal and vertical planes.
Lecture 30 modern surveying instrument total station. Theodolites are similar to total stations, except that the total stations are used when the distances. Angle readouts are to 1 second, with accuracies from 0. This manual has several features which make it easy to use online. Punmia, ashok kumar jain, arun kumar jain surveying vol. Types of surveying on the basis of whether the curvature of the earth is taken into account or not, surveying can be divided into two main categories.
An operators manual is furnished with each new instrument. This chapter discussed the basic principles and uses of electronic. Total station and its applications in surveying gis. Recognizing this danger, eti surveyors carefully design their survey. Chapter 3 surveying equipment, measurements and errors. Equipped with the knowledge in this booklet, and with the help of the appropriate user manual, anyone can carry out simple survey tasks confidently and efficiently. Jun 01, 2018 ce8351 notes surveying ce8351 notes surveying regulation 2017 anna university free download. Modern surveying instruments connecting repositories. Chapter 3 surveying equipment, measurements and errors wsdot. Customer survey studies deals with customers, consumers and user satisfaction from a product or service. Okubo encyclopedia of life support systems eolss is essentially surfacebased. Pdf ce6404 surveying ii books, lecture notes, 2marks with.
Special surveying instruments and their uses in civil. For a level, the compen sator automatically takes care of the final levelling up. Introduction, electromagnetic spectrum, electromagnetic distance measurement, total station, digital selfleveling levels, scanners for topographical survey. Surveying has been a focal point of evolution in technology joining mathematical applications to innovations in mechanical engineering and instrument construction technology. These surveys are of high precision and extend over large areas. Types of special surveying instruments and their uses. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Surface mining can be classified into two groups on the basis of the method of extraction. Surveyors today cannot work effectively without modern surveying equipment. Civil engineering modern surveying techniques nptel. This reduces the need to set the instrument truly level, as with a dumpy or tilting level. Modern edms use the precision of a quartz crystal oscillator and the. It is a basic course for all universities for civil engineers.
In the 18th century, modern techniques and instruments for surveying began to be used. Surveying is the means of determining the relative position of points and the relative distances. Feb 12, 2017 modern surveying equipment revolutionary changes have taken place in last few years in surveying instruments that are used for measuring level differences, distances and angles. We can find uses of surveying in all civil engineering projects. All survey instruments can be used for cadastral survey as long as they are accurate. Pdf surveying ii notes, ebook download for civil engineers. This has become possible because of introduction of electronics in these measurements. Surveying instruments are designed and constructed to provide years of reliable use. In practice, many of the customer surveys conducted by business and industry are analyzed in a very simple way, without using models or statistical methods. Horizontal and vertical control methods specifications triangulation baseline instruments and accessories corrections satellite stations reduction to centre trigonometrical levelling single and reciprocal observations traversing. April 2004 figure 1 the three main types of levels.
The two outer ones are attached to the barrel of the telescope. Although they are constructed for rugged field conditions, the mechanical components and electronics of precision instruments can be damaged by careless acts or inattention to the procedures for use, care and adjustment of the instruments. With such surveying instruments, survey work will be slow and tedious. Best guess what is the significance of reporting a value of 34. Here you can download the free lecture notes of surveying pdf notes, materials with multiple file links to download. Jesse ramsden introduced the first precision theodolite in 1787. Oct 31, 2018 the introduction of gps into surveying, followed by the advancement to realtime network capability has been a major step in the surveying industry. The pegs should be driven vertically into the soil and the top should be clearly visible. It has a compensator which consists of an arrangement of three prisms. Elementary surveying, fourteenth model, is true for surveying packages offered in civil engineering departments and is a useful reference for civil engineers. The ease of use of auto level has made it popular among surveyors. The only disadvantage in the use of etis is the lack of hardcopy field notes that can be scanned.
Interviews, questionnaires and observation constantinos n. Appendix a includes sample notes associated with various field. Longer range instruments, using coherent laser light, have ranges from 50 feet to 36 miles. Contour survey, land survey, city survey, topographical survey, route survey, mines survey, engineering survey, satellite survey, geological survey, construction survey etc. The type of surveying that takes into account the true shape of the earth. Modern surveying instruments electronic distance measurement edm instruments. Modern surveying instruments one second theodolite one second theodolite is a precise horizontal angle measuring instrument with a least count of. Reconnaissance survey preparation and scope the reconnaissance survey is an extensive study of an entire area that might be used for.
This module outlines developments in the technology for various survey. Auto levelauto level now most commonlynow most commonly used levellingused levelling instruments are autoinstruments are auto level. Ce6404 notes surveying 2 ce6404 notes surveying 2 regulation 20 anna university. He created his great theodolite using an accurate dividing engine of his own design. When using the gps or photogrammetric techniques, a land surveyor needs to follow special requirements that are laid. Auto level is a leveling instrument used in surveying. Engineering books pdf download free engineering books. Typical reports include descriptive statistics and basic graphical displays. This involves both horizontal and vertical measurements. Auto level, as nameauto level, as name sounds it has a autosounds it has a auto level compensator andlevel compensator and corrects automaticallycorrects automatically if instrument goes outif instrument. Following are the modern surveying instruments which are used for surveying. This manual contains material that is of both an informational and instructional nature.
With modern surveying instruments, survey work will be precise, faster and less tedious. Surveyors and companies performing surveying services now use this new, modern, accurate and effective equipment. Advantages and disadvantages of auto level civil engineering. Surveying instruments theodolites brighthub engineering. But there are some special surveying instruments with some specific purposes with different setups. The mine plan should be sectionalised into sheets conforming to a referenced index that is documented in the survey book, while complying with the sheet format and maximum scale requirements recommended here. Surveying involves the measurement of distances and angles for one or more of the following. Manual of modern surveying instruments and their uses. Gps data covering the land slip loaded into the gis and a map of the slope over the land slip, darker colors indicate steeper slopes. It is the art of measuring horizontal and vertical distances between objects, of measuring angles between lines, of determining the direction of lines, and of establishing points by predetermined angular and linear measurements. Mechanics of materials formulas and problems, engineering mechanics 2 by dietmar gross, peter wriggers, wolfgang ehlers, jorg schroder and ralf muller. The type of surveying in which the mean surface of the earth is considered as a plane, or in which its spheroidal shape is neglected, with regard to. Catalogue and price list of scientific instruments.
The caruth institute for engineering education engineering education for todays classroom. May 2005 surveying equipment, measurements and errors. A total station is an electronicoptical instrument used in modern surveying. Traditional survey methods are laborious and time consuming fully automatic electronic measurement digital display of staff reading and distance data storage in instrument possible direct transfer to personal computer of data stored in instruments online operation through integrated interface to. Theodolites are essential surveying instruments used for the measurement of horizontal and vertical angles. Surveying with gps, total station and terresterial laser. Surveying also includes the art of locating or setting out points on the ground from a plan or a map. Leveling systems are fitted for accurate installation of theodolites. Land survey methods and training in participatory land use. Before any engineering work can be started we must prepare a plan or map of the area showing topographical details. Surveyors conference notes c1 geometronics february 2000. Basic surveying theory and practice oregon department of transportation february 2000.
Ce8351 notes surveying to introduce the rudiments of plane surveying and geodetic principles to civil engineers. Total station setup and operation university of south. Feb 19, 2015 hey fellows, download this ebook for the subject surveying ii in civil engineering branch. Surveying ae aee ace academy handwritten notes pdf free download for assistant engineer and assistant executive engineer government posts exams. Types of surveys 1 surveying has to do with the determination of the relative spatial location of points on or near the surface of the earth. Modern surveying instruments and their uses in civil engineering. Surveying is a very important part of civil engineering. Modern instruments combine survey of bearings and distances in one operation, so called total stations. As demonstrated in this book, integrating such basic. Here in we have gathered some pdf lectures on surveying. May 2005 surveying equipment, measurements and errors 3.
209 1488 1300 828 860 375 468 1159 1393 949 250 13 573 1006 1199 1046 1445 91 918 1164 333 1125 61 1355 539 640 431 357 1474 294 67 885 1162 722 997 201 1264 980